Correlates and Outcomes of Posttransplant Smoking in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.
Duerinckx N, Burkhalter H, et al.Transplantation 2016; 100(11): 2252-2263.
Aims
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the correlates and outcomes associated with smoking after solid organ transplantation.
Interventions
Electronic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, and Ovid PsycINFO, were conducted from database inception until June 29, 2012. Original or primary quantitative research or mixed methods research studies that assessed the association between post transplant smoking and correlates and/or clinical, economic, and quality of life outcomes were included in this study. Qualitative research only, review, editorial, dissertation, book chapter, case studies, or case series with no descriptive data and abstracts without full paper were excluded.
Participants
Adult , single lung, heart, liver, or kidney transplant patients were included
Outcomes
Included studies examined 24 outcomes and 95 correlates of posttransplant smoking of which 4 outcomes and 6 correlates were included in the meta-analaysis .
Follow-up
Not appropriate
CET Conclusions
This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the evidence on correlates and outcomes of posttransplant smoking in solid organ transplantation recipients. The review included 73 articles with the majority being prospective or retrospective observational studies, or cross-sectional studies in kidney transplantation. The methodological quality was assessed according to 14 components and the assessment showed these were not or partially described in the majority of studies. Pooled estimates were calculated for six correlates and four outcomes and the analysis combined studies of different organs. The odds of posttransplant smoking were higher in men, younger patients or patients with a lower body mass index. Posttransplant smoking was statistically associated with cardiovascular disease, nonskin malignancies, patient survival time and mortality. Heterogeneity was moderate or high for the majority of the pooled estimates although possible reasons for heterogeneity were not further explored.
Trial registration
None